Many research questions in Earth and environmental sciences are inherently causal, requiring robust analyses to establish whether and how changes in one variable cause …
This chapter assesses simulations of future global climate change, spanning time horizons from the near term (2021–2040), mid-term (2041–2060), and long term (2081–2100) out to …
Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4- 11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …
Climate change affects human health; however, there have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts that have already occurred due to …
The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises - The Lancet Skip to Main Content Advertisement The Lancet Journal This …
We assess evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S. This evidence includes …
The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …
The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …
The cryosphere (including, snow, glaciers, permafrost, lake and river ice) is an integral element of high mountain regions, which are home to roughly 10% of the global population …