Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

Several researchers have suggested that learning and using a second language requires
domain-general executive functions, and many have shown that bilinguals outperform …

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We
demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to …

Debate continues on whether a bilingual advantage exists with respect to executive
functioning. This report synthesized the results of 170 studies to test whether the bilingual …

The present article on executive control addresses the issue of the locus of the Stroop effect
by examining neurophysiological components marking conflict monitoring, interference …

Bilinguals have often, but not always, been found to outperform monolinguals on domain-
general attentional control. Inconsistent findings have been argued to stem, at least partly …

Over the last two decades, a large number of studies have concluded that bilingualism
enhances executive functions. However, other studies have reported no significant results …

Whether bilingualism enhances executive control (EC) is controversial. This article reviews
24 studies on the bilingual EC effect using event-related potentials (ERPs). It evaluates the …

Abstract Language has the power to shape cognition, behavior, and even the form and
function of the brain. Technological and scientific developments have recently yielded an …

Self-referential information can reduce the congruency effect by acting as a signal to
enhance cognitive control. However, it cannot be denied that self-referential information can …