The discrete-element method (DEM) has gained popularity for developing a qualitative
understanding of soil behaviour under a critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework …

Undrained and drained triaxial compression tests were simulated using the discrete element
method (DEM). It was found that the transition states between contractive and dilative …

In some cases, the water content in granular soil increases to the extent that it becomes
saturated, which noticeably alters its responses. For example, the pore water pressure within …

The discrete element method (DEM) has been extensively used to capture the macroscopic
and particulate response of granular materials. Although particle rolling (ie controlled by …

The characteristic features of undrained behavior of a silty sand are investigated for a range
of initial conditions (e, p′) for both isotropic consolidation (CIU) and K 0 consolidation (K 0 …

The characteristic features of undrained responses of granular materials, for example, stress
ratio at instability (η IS) and phase transformation (η PT) states and the critical state (CS) …

Three types of undrained behavior: flow, limited flow and non-flow have been observed for
sands. According to critical state soil mechanics (CSSM), these types of behavior depend on …

The significant shortage of land due to rapid urbanization and population growth has been
triggering the development and utilisation of underground space. The shield tunnelling is an …

A new type of constitutive model is proposed for soils, based on three foundations. The first
foundation involves a new approach to Cauchy's concept of stress, based on a way of …

Triaxial tests are widely used to determine the shear strength, material properties and
instability behaviour of soil. The conventional isotropically consolidated drained and …