New Findings What is the topic of this review? This review focuses on the main physiological
challenges associated with exposure to acceleration in the Gx, Gy and Gz directions and to …

For more than 60 years, humans have travelled into space. Until now, the majority of
astronauts have been professional, government agency astronauts selected, in part, for their …

BACKGROUND: Physical fitness and dehydration are factors that may influence cardiac
autonomic control. We aimed to verify the influence of these factors on cardiac autonomic …

Despite decades of experience from high-gravitoinertial (G) exposures in aircraft and
centrifuges, information is scarce regarding primary cardiovascular adaptations to+ Gz loads …

Fighter pilots are commonly recommended strength training as a means of improving the
tolerance to withstand high gravitoinertial (G) loads. Previous studies on the effect of short …

Background: During flight, G force compels blood to stay in leg muscles and reduces blood
flow to the heart. Cardiovascular responses activated by the autonomic nerve system and …

Increased heart rate (HR) is a reaction to head-to-toe gravito-inertial (G) force. The anti-G
straining manoeuvre (AGSM) is the crucial technique for withstanding a high-G load …

Recent studies are reviewed, concerning the in vivo wall stiffness of arteries and arterioles in
healthy humans, and how these properties adapt to iterative increments or sustained …

Purpose We evaluated the hypothesis that repetitive gravitoinertial stress would augment
the arterial-pressure response to peripheral sympathetic stimulation. Methods Before and …

BACKGROUND: The cold pressor test (CPT) involves acute hand or foot exposure to cold
water. CPT hyper-responders have unique traits, including risk of hypertension and a …