The objective of the present research was to review the state of the art on the consequences
of drinking coffee at the different levels of the gastrointestinal tract. At some steps of the …

Background: Whether the positive associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with
gastrointestinal diseases are causal is uncertain. We conducted this Mendelian …

Purpose High coffee consumption is associated with low risk of mortality and morbidity, but
the causality remains unclear. This review aims to discuss findings from observational …

This work aims to investigate how smoking exerts effect on the development of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). A prospective cohort study and a Mendelian randomization study are …

Purpose Epidemiological studies support a protective role of habitual coffee and caffeine
consumption against the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to …

Purpose Low back pain (LBP) is a common health problem in the global population. This
study aims to assess whether smoking initiation, alcohol consumption, and coffee …

Objectives of the study There is little guidance regarding the impact of alcohol and cannabis
on the clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of this study was to assess the …

(1) Background: GP2017 is one of the biosimilar drugs of adalimumab, one of the anti-TNF
agents used for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To date, there is little real-world data …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex condition resulting from environmental,
microbial, immunologic, and genetic factors. With the advancement of Mendelian …

Objective: A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that smoking initiation
and alcohol and coffee consumption were closely related to women's reproductive health …