Having good spatial skills strongly predicts achievement and attainment in science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics fields (eg, Shea, Lubinski, & Benbow, 2001; Wai …

Gender differences in spatial aptitude are well established by adulthood, particularly when
measured by tasks that require the mental rotation of objects (Linn & Petersen, 1985; Voyer …

We explore the relation between spatial thinking and performance and attainment in
science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) domains. Spatial skills strongly …

Visual representations play a critical role in enhancing science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) learning. Educational psychology research shows that adding …

Although neglected in traditional education, spatial thinking plays a critical role in
achievement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. We …

In this paper we examine the relations between parent spatial language input, children's
own production of spatial language, and children's later spatial abilities. Using a longitudinal …

This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the magnitude of gender difference in three-
dimensional (3-D) mental rotation ability and to investigate how factors related to test …

Over three decades of research has shown that spatial reasoning and mathematics
performance are highly correlated. Spatial visualization, in particular, has been found to …

Successful STEM learning depends on the interaction of affect, cognition, and application of
ideas. Simply put students who are unwilling to persist in STEM based endeavors do not …

Spatial skills are a central component of intellect and show marked individual differences.
There is evidence that variations in the spatial language young children hear, which directs …