This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Drug addiction is one of the top three health concerns in the United States in terms of
economic and health care costs. Despite this, there are very few effective treatment options …

There is now considerable evidence for long-lasting sequels of stress. A single exposure to
high intensity predominantly emotional stressors such as immobilisation in wooden-boards …

Stress and substance use disorders remain two of the most highly prevalent psychiatric
conditions and are often comorbid. While individually these conditions have a debilitating …

Hormones, Brain and Behavior, Third Edition offers a state-of-the-art overview of hormonally-
mediated behaviors, including an extensive discussion of the effects of hormones on insects …

Stress sensitivity and sex are predictive factors for the development of neuropsychiatric
disorders. Life stresses are not only risk factors for the development of addiction but also are …

Both clinical and preclinical research have shown that stress can potentiate drug use;
however, the underlying mechanisms of this interaction are unknown. Previously, we have …

Stressful experiences modify activity in areas of the brain involved in the rewarding effects of
psychostimulants. In the present study we evaluated the influence of acute social defeat …

Stress can trigger, intensify and prolong drug consumption, as well as reinstate previously
extinguished drug taking behavior by directly impacting a neural circuit often referred to as a …

Chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) is a well-established rodent model of depression that
induces persistent social avoidance. CSDS triggers molecular adaptations throughout the …