Nectar, the main floral reward for pollinators, varies greatly in composition and
concentration. The assumption that nectar quality is equivalent to its sugar (energy) …

Flowers at times host abundant and specialized communities of bacteria and fungi that
influence floral phenotypes and interactions with pollinators. Ecological processes drive …

Wild bee populations are declining due to human activities, such as land use change, which
strongly affect the composition and diversity of available plants and food sources. The …

As bees' main source of protein and lipids, pollen is critical for their development,
reproduction, and health. Plant species vary considerably in the macronutrient content of …

Stingless bees form perennial colonies of honey-making insects. The> 600 species of
stingless bees, mainly Neotropical, live throughout tropical latitudes. Foragers influence …

The majority of flowering plants relies on animal pollinators for sexual reproduction and
many animal pollinators rely on floral resources. However, interests of plants and pollinators …

Large-scale declines in bee abundance and species richness over the last decade have
sounded an alarm, given the crucial pollination services that bees provide. Population dips …

Bee–fungus associations are common, and while most studies focus on entomopathogens,
emerging evidence suggests that bees associate with a variety of symbiotic fungi that can …

Infectious diseases are a primary driver of bee decline worldwide, but limited understanding
of how pathogens are transmitted hampers effective management. Flowers have been …

Honeybees are the most widespread managed pollinators of our food crops, and a crucial
part of their well-being is a suitable diet. Yet, we do not know how they choose flowers to …