The physics of proton therapy has advanced considerably since it was proposed in 1946.
Today analytical equations and numerical simulation methods are available to predict and …

Calorimetry has become a well-understood, powerful, and versatile measurement method.
Besides perfecting this technique to match increasingly demanding operation at high-energy …

Monte Carlo track-structure simulation provides a near accurate description of the passage
of charge particle in water as a surrogate for biological tissue. Radiation transport codes and …

This topical review provides an up-to-date overview of the theoretical and practical aspects
of therapeutic kilovoltage x-ray beam dosimetry. Kilovoltage x-ray beams have the property …

The study of the physical quantities that are involved in electron—solid interaction
(backscattering coefficient, energy and angular distribution of backscattered electrons …

Purpose To perform the validation of the GPU-based (Graphical Processing Unit based)
proton Monte Carlo (MC) dose engine implemented in a commercial TPS (RayStation 10B) …

The use of scanned proton beams in external beam radiation therapy has seen a rapid
development over the past decade. This technique places new demands on treatment …

The interactions of cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere produce secondary particles
which can reach the Earth. In this work, we present a comprehensive calculation of the …

Effective dose is an important quantity in relation to assessment of radiation risk. Organ and
effective doses to paediatric patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic heart …

Purpose Driven by advances in accelerator technology and the potential of exploiting the
FLASH effect for the treatment of deep‐seated targets (> 5 cm), there is an active interest in …