Canine parvoviral enteritis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in
young dogs worldwide. 1 Canine parvovirus belongs to the genus Protoparvovirus, family …

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is a syndrome associated with an abnormal loss of
albumin through the gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa. PLE is identified when hypoalbuminemia …

Fluid therapy is important for many medical conditions in veterinary patients. The
assessment of patient history, chief complaint, physical exam findings, and indicated …

Fluids are drugs used in veterinary patients capable of producing beneficial therapeutic or
inadvertent harmful effects within the body's intravascular, interstitial, and intracellular fluid …

Albumin's functions are numerous and important for a wide variety of normal body functions.
In critically ill small animal patients, hypoalbuminemia is associated with adverse …

This manuscript will review crystalloid (hypo-, iso-, and hyper-tonic) and colloid (synthetic
and natural) fluids that are available for intravenous administration with a focus on their …

Kidney disease is classically compartmentalized into acute and chronic disease.
Decompensation of chronic disease presents as an acute crisis, and the principles of …

Objective To provide a comprehensive review of the current literature in human and
veterinary medicine evaluating the impact of resuscitation fluid choice on patient outcome …

Objectives—To evaluate the use of human albumin in critically ill dogs. Design—
Retrospective case series. Animals—73 client-owned hospitalized dogs. Procedures …

Hypoalbuminemia, typically defined as serum albumin concentration less than 3.0 g/dL (30
g/L), is a common complication seen in critically ill dogs and cats. There is significant interest …