Abstract Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are systems containing engineered or natural miniature
tissues grown inside microfluidic chips. To better mimic human physiology, the chips are …

This review covers several aspects of microfluidic devices used for culturing and monitoring
of both adherent and non-adherent cells, including a multitude of applications. A comparison …

Drug development suffers from a lack of predictive and human-relevant in vitro models.
Organ-on-chip (OOC) technology provides advanced culture capabilities to generate …

Abstract Organ-on-a-chip (OOC, organ chip) technology can closely simulate the human
microenvironment, synthesize organ-like functional units on a fluidic chip substrate, and …

Microsensor systems for cell metabolism are essential tools for investigation and
standardization in cell culture. Electrochemical and optical read-out schemes dominate …

Organs-on-chip (OoC), often referred to as microphysiological systems (MPS), are advanced
in vitro tools able to replicate essential functions of human organs. Owing to their …

The quantification of key variables such as oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, glucose, and
temperature provides essential information for biological and biotechnological applications …

Traditional cell culture and animal models utilized for preclinical drug screening have led to
high attrition rates of drug candidates in clinical trials due to their low predictive power for …

The demand for real-time monitoring of cell functions and cell conditions has dramatically
increased with the emergence of organ-on-a-chip (OOC) systems. However, the …

In vitro models are essential to a broad range of biomedical research, such as pathological
studies, drug development, and personalized medicine. As a potentially transformative …