The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of
speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides …

Zinc is a nutritionally fundamental trace element, essential to the structure and function of
numerous macromolecules, including enzymes regulating cellular processes and cellular …

In the last decade, we witnessed discoveries that established Zn2+ as a second major
signalling metal ion in the transmission of information within cells and in communication …

Free radicals are chemical particles containing one or more unpaired electrons, which may
be part of the molecule. They cause the molecule to become highly reactive. The free …

The nutritional essentiality of zinc for the growth of living organisms had been recognized
long before zinc biochemistry began with the discovery of zinc in carbonic anhydrase in …

Zinc and cellular oxidants such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) each participate in a
multitude of physiological functions. There is considerable overlap between the affected …

At the cellular level, cadmium (Cd) induces both damaging and repair processes in which
the cellular redox status plays a crucial role. Being not redox-active, Cd is unable to …

Recent discoveries in zinc biology provide a new platform for discussing the primary
physiological functions of mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) and their exquisite zinc …

Zinc (II) ions are redox-inert in biology. Yet, their interaction with sulfur of cysteine in cellular
proteins can confer ligand-centered redox activity on zinc coordination sites, control protein …

The brain is a singular organ of unique biological complexity that serves as the command
center for cognitive and motor function. As such, this specialized system also possesses a …