Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia worldwide. β-amyloid
peptide (Aβ) is currently assumed to be the main cause of synaptic dysfunction and cognitive …

Much evidence shows that physical exercise (PE) is a strong gene modulator that induces
structural and functional changes in the brain, determining enormous benefit on both …

Dementia is one of the greatest global challenges for health and social care in the 21st
century. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common type of dementia, is by no means an …

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes
related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead …

The amyloid-β oligomer (AβO) hypothesis was introduced in 1998. It proposed that the brain
damage leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) was instigated by soluble, ligand-like AβOs …

Exercise promotes learning and memory formation. These effects depend on increases in
hippocampal BDNF, a growth factor associated with cognitive improvement and the …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of
neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses …

Since first described in the early 1900s, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has risen exponentially in
prevalence and concern. Research still drives to understand the etiology and pathogenesis …

A pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ)
protein in the brain. Physical exercise has been shown to reduce Aβ burden in various AD …

Non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical activity interventions, are an appealing
alternative or add-on to current pharmacological treatment of cognitive symptoms in patients …