The development of compact hybrid electrohydraulic actuators driven by various smart
materials has been widely reported in the literature in recent years. Such solid-state-induced …

Multilayer piezoelectric actuators are used in fuel injectors due to their quick response, high
efficiency, accuracy, low power consumption, and excellent repeatability. Experimental …

Biological materials that are composed of hierarchical microstructures embedded in a matrix
material can display enhanced mechanical or material properties compared to an …

I. Introduction aterials with high specific stiffness and strength to weight ratio are required in
many structural applications to fulfill the load-case requirements along with ensuring the …

The basic operation of smart material-based hybrid electrohydraulic actuators involves high
frequency bidirectional length change in an active material stack (or rod) that is converted to …

The electric field response of the lead-free solid solution (1− x) Bi0. 53Na0. 47TiO3–x
BaTiO3 (BNT–BT) in the higher BT composition range with x= 0.12 was investigated using in …

Various caloric aspects of polycrystalline ferroelecrics are investigated, based on an efficient
modelling approach. In this context, both linear reversible effects, leading to heating or …

This article describes a method for estimating the temperature of high-power piezoelectric
actuators when a direct temperature measurement is impractical. The heat flow is estimated …

Piezoelectric stack actuators (PESAs) are usually used in applications requiring a fast
response, high resolution, and high accuracy. Self-heating during continuous drive with a …

Piezoelectric actuators are a very attractive technology for active optics mechanisms in
space applications due to their very high precision and reliability. However, self-heating of …