This review summarizes our current knowledge of multisensory vestibular structures and
their functions in humans. Most of it derives from brain activation studies with PET and fMRI …

The pathophysiology of spontaneous upbeat (UBN) and downbeat (DBN) nystagmus is
reviewed in the light of several instructive clinical findings and experimental data. UBN due …

Background: Several drugs that primarily act on γ-aminobutyrate or muscarinic receptors
have been used to treat downbeat nystagmus (DBN) syndrome despite their having only …

Objectives: Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is the most common form of acquired involuntary
ocular oscillation overriding fixation. According to previous studies, the cause of DBN is …

A dysfunction of the vestibular system is commonly characterized by a combination of
phenomena involving perceptual, ocular motor, postural, and autonomic manifestations …

We review current pharmacological treatments for peripheral and central vestibular
disorders, and ocular motor disorders that impair vision, especially pathological nystagmus …

Objective: To assess the effects of the modified amino acid acetyl-dl-leucine (AL) on
cerebellar ataxia, eye movements, and quality of life of patients with Niemann-Pick type C …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 1899-1916, January 1, 2008] 1899 The optokinetic response in
zebrafish and its applications Ying-Y Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 1899-1916, January 1 …

Background Oculomotor disturbances and nystagmus are seen in many diseases of the
nervous system, the vestibular apparatus, and the eyes, as well as in toxic and metabolic …

Downbeat nystagmus (DBN), the most common form of acquired fixation nystagmus, is often
caused by cerebellar degeneration, especially if the vestibulo-cerebellum is involved. The …