Bipolar cells in the mammalian retina are postsynaptic to either rod or cone photoreceptors,
thereby segregating their respective signals into parallel vertical streams. In contrast to the …

Glutamate receptors are important in neural plasticity, neural development and
neurodegeneration. N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5 …

It is widely recognized that the neural basis of brain function can be fully understood only by
integrating many disciplines at many levels. Studies of synaptic organization are bringing …

An essential step in intricate visual processing is the segregation of visual signals into ON
and OFF pathways by retinal bipolar cells (BCs). Glutamate released from photoreceptors …

We survey the evidence for L-glutamate's role as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter of
vertebrate retinas. The physiological and molecular properties of glutamate receptors in the …

Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are major excitatory and inhibitory
neurotransmitters in the vertebrate retina,“a genuine neural center”(Ramón y Cajal, 1964 …

Ocular growth and refraction are regulated by visual processing in the retina. We identified
candidate regulatory neurons by immunocytochemistry for immediate-early gene products …

Mouse models of retinal degeneration are useful tools to study therapeutic approaches for
patients affected by hereditary retinal dystrophies. We have studied degeneration in the rd10 …

The main neurotransmitters in the vertebrate retina are glutamate, GABA and glycine. Their
localization in the different cell types in the retina is well known. In addition, there exists a …

We prepared antibodies selective for the C‐terminus of the human mGluR6 receptor and
used confocal and electron microscopy to study the patterns of immunostaining in retina of …