In response to a warming planet with earlier springs, migratory animals are adjusting the
timing of essential life stages. Although these adjustments may be essential for keeping …

Animals must balance various costs and benefits when deciding when to breed. The costs
and benefits of breeding at different times have received much attention, but most studies …

The mutual mitigation of selenium and mercury toxicity is particularly interesting, especially
for humans. Mercury is widely recognized as a pantoxic element; all forms are toxic to all …

Human disturbance represents a considerable challenge for the conservation of living
organisms and has profound negative impacts globally. There is substantial variation in how …

Background Research activities have often been thought to potentially influence avian
nesting success by increasing nest predation rates. Although recent studies of species …

Understanding the relationship between heavy metal and selenium levels in biota and their
foods is important, but often difficult to determine because animals eat a variety of …

Nestlings of many bird species are hosts to hematophagous ectoparasites. Parasitism of
nestlings is usually sub‐lethal, but its effects can extend into the fledgling and adult stages …

Ringing is the most common technique used for individual marking of passerine birds,
informing understanding of many aspects of their behaviour and ecology. Birds caught for …

Aims: The effects of research-related activity (ie nest visit and video-filming) on the nest
survival of birds has always been of concern. Although recent studies have suggested that …

Blood samples from birds are used to address a wide variety of questions and to assess
individual attributes such as gender, condition, and physiological status. As the use of blood …