This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth
muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical …

Motile cells extend a leading edge by assembling a branched network of actin filaments that
produces physical force as the polymers grow beneath the plasma membrane. A core set of …

Memories are initially encoded in the hippocampus but subsequently consolidated to the
cortex. Although synaptic plasticity is key to these processes, its precise spatiotemporal …

We report that, in the rat hippocampus, learning leads to a significant increase in
extracellular lactate levels that derive from glycogen, an energy reserve selectively localized …

Rho GTPases are molecular switches that regulate many essential cellular processes,
including actin dynamics, gene transcription, cell-cycle progression and cell adhesion …

▪ Abstract We review how motile cells regulate actin filament assembly at their leading edge.
Activation of cell surface receptors generates signals (including activated Rho family …

The actin cytoskeleton is a complex structure that performs a wide range of cellular
functions. In 2001, significant advances were made to our understanding of the structure and …

Lamellipodia, filopodia and membrane ruffles are essential for cell motility, the organization
of membrane domains, phagocytosis and the development of substrate adhesions. Their …

The process of engulfing a foreign particle–phagocytosis–is of fundamental importance for a
wide diversity of organisms. From simple unicellular organisms that use phagocytosis to …

▪ Abstract Ubiquitous among eukaryotes, the ADF/cofilins are essential proteins responsible
for the high turnover rates of actin filaments in vivo. In vertebrates, ADF and cofilin are …