NEDD8 (Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) is an
ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to a lysine residue of a protein substrate …

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a signaling platform controlling the cellular ubiquitylation
status. It determines the activity and remodeling of~ 700 cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases …

Introduction Antioxidants represented by kaempferol have been shown to be effective
against atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear …

In this study, we examined the effects of apple polyphenols (APs) on hyperlipidemia,
atherosclerosis, hepatic steatosis and endothelial function and investigated the potential …

Maintenance of protein homeostasis is crucial for virtually every aspect of eukaryotic biology.
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) represents a highly regulated quality control …

Abstract FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) is a regulator of metabolism and performs an
important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and the maintenance of energy balance …

Troxerutin is a bioflavonoid, which can be used to treat venous disorders, thrombosis and
cerebrovascular diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that it may also be used to …

Background Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) mediates the transformation of
macrophages (MΦ) to cholesterol-rich foam cells and the release of pro-inflammatory …

Abstract The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is a
deNEDDylase controlling ubiquitination activity of cullin-RING-E3 ligases (CRLs) and thus …

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are a major component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in
eukaryotic cells; the system plays a crucial role in many biological processes, such as …