This paper presents an overview of the current knowledge of the neurophysiology and
cellular pharmacology of sleep mechanisms. It is written from the perspective that recent …

Anatomical studies have established the existence of reciprocal relationships between the
main population of monoamine, serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) …

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the cellular and neurophysiological/
neuropharmacological, with most of the emphasis on mechanisms relevant to rapid eye …

The mammalian medial vestibular nucleus (MVe) receives input from all vestibular
endorgans and provides extensive projections to the central nervous system. Recent studies …

Substantial evidence indicates that the locus ceruleus (LC)–norepinephrine (NE) projection
system regulates behavioral state and state-dependent processing of sensory information …

The noradrenergic “REM-off” neurons in the locus coeruleus cease firing, whereas some
cholinergic and non-cholinergic “REM-on” neurons increase firing during rapid eye …

We have recently suggested that the brain histamine has an inhibitory role on the behavioral
effects of methamphetamine by pharmacological studies. In this study, we used the histidine …

It has been postulated that the ascending cholinergic tegmental system is responsible for the
initiation of the aversive emotional state with a concomitant alarm vocalization in the rat. It is …

Ascending pathways mediated by monoamine neurotransmitters regulate the firing mode of
thalamocortical neurons and modulate the state of brain activity. We hypothesized that …

Abstract Effects of stress on the reward system are well established in the literature.
Although previous studies have revealed that stress can reinstate extinguished addictive …