Learning and interpreting the structure of the environment is an innate feature of biological
systems, and is integral to guiding flexible behaviors for evolutionary viability. The concept of …

The medial frontal cortex and adjacent orbitofrontal cortex have been the focus of
investigations of decision-making, behavioral flexibility, and social behavior. We review …

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) holds great potential as a tool to alter neural
circuits non-invasively in both animals and humans. In contrast to established non-invasive …

Replay in the brain has been viewed as rehearsal or, more recently, as sampling from a
transition model. Here, we propose a new hypothesis: that replay is able to implement a form …

There has been increasing interest in using neuroimaging measures to predict psychiatric
disorders. However, predictions usually rely on large brain networks and large disorder …

Abstract Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, while on the run, purportedly burned two
million dollars in banknotes to keep his daughter warm. A stark reminder that, in life …

Human reasoning depends on reusing pieces of information by putting them together in new
ways. However, very little is known about how compositional computation is implemented in …

Brain perturbation studies allow detailed causal inferences of behavioral and neural
processes. Because the combination of brain perturbation methods and neural …

Credit assignment is the association of specific instances of reward to the specific events,
such as a particular choice, that caused them. Without credit assignment, choice values …

Sonogenetics refers to the use of genetically encoded, ultrasound-responsive mediators for
noninvasive and selective control of neural activity. It is a promising tool for studying neural …