Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles 40–160 nm in diameter that are secreted by
almost all cell types. Exosomes can carry diverse cargo including RNA, DNA, lipids …

Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for
tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a …

Exosomes are discoid vesicles with a diameter of 40–160 nm. They are mainly derived from
the multivesicular body formed by the invagination of lysosomal particles in the cell, which …

Exosomes are nano‐sized bioactive vesicles of 30–150 nm in diameter. They are secreted
by exocytosis of nearly all type of cells in to the extracellular fluid. Thereby, they can be …

Diabetes belongs to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by long term high blood
glucose levels due to either inadequate production of insulin (Type 1 diabetes, T1DM) or …

The worldwide increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has raised the demand for
new therapeutic strategies targeting diabetic symptoms and its chronic complications …

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease, now prevalent worldwide, which is
characterized by a relative or absolute lack of insulin secretion leading to chronically …

Retinal degeneration (RD) is one of the dominant causes of irreversible vision impairment
and blindness worldwide. However, the current effective therapeutics for RD in the …

Extracellular vesicles (EV), which include exosomes and microvesicles, are secreted from
virtually every cell. EV contain mRNA, miRNA, lipids and proteins and can deliver this …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is associated with retinal neovascularization, hard exudates,
inflammation, oxidative stress and cell death, leading to vision loss. Anti-vascular …