Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, it is a challenge to capture disease activity
of multiple sclerosis (MS) in a reliable and valid way. Therefore, it can be difficult to assess …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous
system, leading to neurodegeneration and manifesting as a variety of symptoms. These can …

Visual impairment is a key manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Acute optic neuritis is a
common, often presenting manifestation, but visual deficits and structural loss of retinal …

PURPOSE: We used high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-
OCT) with retinal segmentation to determine how ganglion cell loss relates to history of …

Objective Cross‐sectional studies of optical coherence tomography (OCT) show that retinal
nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness is reduced in multiple sclerosis (MS) and correlates with …

Low-contrast letter acuity (LCLA) has emerged as the leading outcome measure to assess
visual disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. As visual dysfunction is one of the most …

Objective To determine the optimal thresholds for intereye differences in retinal nerve fiber
and ganglion cell+ inner plexiform layer thicknesses for identifying unilateral optic nerve …

The visual system offers unparalleled precision in the assessment of neuroaxonal damage.
With the majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiencing afferent and efferent …

Background Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)
are difficult to differentiate solely on clinical grounds. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) …

Visual dysfunction is one of the most common clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis
(MS). Just over a decade ago, MS clincial trials did not include visual outcomes, but experts …