The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest known superfamily of secondary active
transporters. MFS transporters are responsible for transporting a broad spectrum of …

Biological membranes formed of amphipathic lipid bilayers provide chemical barriers to
separate cells from their external environments and define subcellular compartments …

Equilibrium fluctuations and triggered conformational changes often underlie the functional
cycles of membrane proteins. For example, transporters mediate the passage of molecules …

Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate a mechanistic
understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental effort 1, 2, 3, 4, the …

Organic cation transporters (OCTs) facilitate the translocation of catecholamines, drugs and
xenobiotics across the plasma membrane in various tissues throughout the human body …

Membrane protein efflux pumps confer antibiotic resistance by extruding structurally distinct
compounds and lowering their intracellular concentration. Yet, there are no clinically …

Characterizing the three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is central to
understanding their function. Traditionally, structures of proteins and their complexes have …

The β‐barrel assembly machinery (BAM complex) is essential for outer membrane protein
(OMP) folding in Gram‐negative bacteria, and represents a promising antimicrobial target …

Bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobial agents are
causative agents of infectious disease, and they thus constitute a serious concern for public …

Multidrug ABC transporters translocate drugs across membranes by a mechanism for which
the molecular features of drug release are so far unknown. Here, we resolved three ATP …