BACKGROUND: Awake craniotomy (AC) is a common neurosurgical procedure for the
resection of lesions in eloquent brain areas, which has the advantage of avoiding general …

Introduction Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neuromodulation technology
capable of targeted stimulation and inhibition of cortical areas. Repetitive TMS (rTMS) has …

Background: The simplistic approaches to language circuits are continuously challenged by
new findings in brain structure and connectivity. The posterior middle frontal gyrus and area …

Altered Motor Excitability in Patients With Diffuse Gliomas... : Neurosurgery Altered Motor
Excitability in Patients With Diffuse Gliomas Involving Motor Eloquent Areas: The Impact of …

Penfield's motor homunculus describes a caricaturised yet useful representation of the map
of various body parts on the pre-central cortex. We propose a supplemental map of the …

Objective. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) recorded with electrocorticography
(ECoG) for central sulcus (CS) identification is a widely accepted procedure in routine …

Control of the hand muscles during fine digit movements requires a high level of
sensorimotor integration, which relies on a complex network of cortical and subcortical hubs …

Objective To evaluate the functional use of sub-band modulations in somatosensory evoked
potentials (SSEPs) to discriminate between the primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) …

OBJECTIVE Preoperative grading of nonenhancing motor eloquent gliomas is hampered by
a lack of specific imaging surrogates. Tumor grading is crucial for the informed consent …

Background: The role played by the non-dominant parietal lobe in motor cognition, attention
and spatial awareness networks has potentiated the use of awake surgery. When this is not …