It is predicted that Japan and European Union will soon experience appreciable decreases
in their populations due to persistently low total fertility rates (TFR) below replacement level …

Objective Approximately 37% of men of reproductive age smoke cigarettes, with Europe
having the highest tobacco use among all the World Health Organization (WHO) regions …

Along with the wide use of pesticides in the world, the concerns over their health impacts are
rapidly growing. There is a huge body of evidence on the relation between exposure to …

BACKGROUND Semen quality is taken as a surrogate measure of male fecundity in clinical
andrology, male fertility, reproductive toxicology, epidemiology and pregnancy risk …

Semen analysis is the first step to identify male factor infertility. Standardized methods of
semen analysis are available allowing accurate assessment of sperm quality and …

Prenatal phthalate exposure impairs testicular function and shortens anogenital distance
(AGD) in male rodents. We present data from the first study to examine AGD and other …

After briefly discussing human exposure to phthalates—diesters of 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic
acid (phthalic acid)—this article first presents recent findings from the Study for Future …

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and semen
quality among young men from the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study …

Background It is now 11 years since publication of the WHO 2010 guidelines for semen
assessment values, and it is critical to determine whether they are still valid and/or whether …

Understanding the occurrence of disease in a population is important because it allows both
quantifying and qualifying the burden of disease. Gaining such an understanding allows for …