The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ”
composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells …

Novel immunotherapy approaches have provided durable remission in a significant number
of cancer patients with cancers previously considered rapidly lethal. Nonetheless, the high …

Tumor metastasis is a multi-step process by which tumor cells disseminate from their primary
site and form secondary tumors at a distant site. And metastasis is the major cause of death …

Adoptive T-cell therapy can target and kill widespread malignant cells thereby inducing
durable clinical responses in melanoma and selected other malignances. However, many …

Radiation therapy (RT) is used for local tumor control through direct killing of tumor cells.
Radiation-induced cell death can trigger tumor antigen-specific immune responses, but …

ABSTRACT Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of
the so-called “kynurenine pathway”, which converts the essential amino acid L-tryptophan …

The switch of tumor cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal-like phenotype [designated as
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)] is known to induce tumor cell motility and …

Chordoma is a primary bone cancer with no approved therapy. The identification of
therapeutic targets in this disease has been challenging due to the infrequent occurrence of …

Background Therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown activity in metastatic castration-
resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), and methods are being assessed to enhance their …

Tumor cell plasticity exhibited as an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been
identified as a major obstacle for the effective treatment of many cancers. This process …