Over the last 100–120 years, due to the ever-increasing importance of fluorine-containing
compounds in modern technology and daily life, the explosive development of the …

When safe and adequate exposure of an essential trace element is exceeded it becomes
potentially toxic. Fluoride is one classic example of such a double edged sword which both …

The health of millions of people worldwide is negatively impacted by chronic exposure to
elevated concentrations of geogenic fluoride in groundwater. Due to health effects including …

The removal of fluoride from wastewater is essential as the excess accumulation of fluoride
in environment is harmful to the health of humans. In this study, the defluorination of water by …

Fluoride is an important trace element in the living body. A suitable amount of fluoride has a
beneficial effect on the body, but disproportionate fluoride entering the body will affect …

Fluoride is ubiquitously present throughout the world. It is released from minerals, magmatic
gas, and industrial processing, and travels in the atmosphere and water. Exposure to low …

Fluoride contamination has created a drinking water crisis globally. At low concentrations, its
presence is essential; however, it becomes toxic to human beings upon consumption of …

Highlights•The status of fluoride contamination in groundwater of Asian countries is
reviewed.•India, Pakistan and China are critically affected by fluoride contamination.•Dental …

High levels of fluoride, though, naturally occurring (which can reach as high as 2,800 mg
F−/L) in the environment can be toxic to various living organisms. Moreover, it can be …

Animals are biological transformers of dietary matter and energy to produce high-quality
foods and wools for human consumption and use. Mammals, birds, fish, and shrimp require …