Modern biomedical, behavioral and psychological inference about cause-effect
relationships respects an ergodic assumption, that is, that mean response of representative …

The creativity and emergence of biological and psychological behavior tend to be nonlinear,
and correspondingly, biological and psychological measures contain degrees of irregularity …

Any reliable biomarker has to be specific, generalizable, and reproducible across
individuals and contexts. The exact values of such a biomarker must represent similar health …

Biological and psychological processes routinely break ergodicity, meaning they fail to have
stable means (M ean) and independent variation over time that we might find in additive …

Anomalous diffusion in various complex systems abounds in nature and spans multiple
space and time scales. Canonical characterization techniques that rely upon mean squared …

Turing inspired a computer metaphor of the mind and brain that has been handy and has
spawned decades of empirical investigation, but he did much more and offered behavioral …

Visually guided postural control emerges in response to task constraints. Task constraints
generate physiological fluctuations that foster the exploration of available sensory …

Evidence of multifractal structures has spread to a wider set of physiological time series
supporting the intricate interplay of biological and psychological functioning. These …

Ergodicity breaking is a challenge for biological and psychological sciences. Ergodicity is a
necessary condition for linear causal modeling. Long-range correlations and non …

The ubiquity of tool use in human life has generated multiple lines of scientific and
philosophical investigation to understand the development and expression of humans' …