Background Microneurosurgical techniques involve complex manual skills and hand–eye
coordination that require substantial training. Many factors affect microneurosurgical skills …

Introduction We sought to review the current state of robotics in this specialty. Methods A
Pubmed and Medline search was performed using key search terms for a comprehensive …

Introduction. In order to achieve a minimal trauma to the inner ear structures during array
insertion, it would be suitable to control insertion forces. The aim of this work was to compare …

To achieve a functional atraumatic insertion, low intracochlear pressure changes during the
procedure are assumed to be important. The aim of this study was to observe intracochlear …

Background The term middle ear myoclonus (MEM) has been invoked to explain symptoms
of tinnitus presumably caused by the dysfunctional movement of either of the two muscles …

Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is a vocal cord cancer treatment where surgical tools
reach the targeted region through the mouth. A robot-assisted system could aid in such …

Surgery performed by a novice neurosurgeon under constant supervision of a senior
surgeon with the experience of thousands of operations, able to handle any intraoperative …

Experienced neurosurgeons reduce hand tremble by placing their hand beside the
operative field when performing microneurosurgery conventionally. Another solution to …

Microsurgical skills of trainee surgeons have been subjectively evaluated due to the lack of
technological tools. The objective of this investigation is to present the construct validity of …

With the development of vascular interventional surgical robots, higher and higher
requirements for the safety of surgical robots are put forward. For the master-slave surgical …