Skin color diversity is the most variable and noticeable phenotypic trait in humans resulting
from constitutive pigmentation variability. This paper will review the characterization of skin …

When a molecule absorbs a photon of appropriate energy, a chain of photophysical events
ensues, such as internal conversion or vibrational relaxation (loss of energy in the absence …

People with skin of color constitute a wide range of racial and ethnic groups—including
Africans, African Americans, African Caribbeans, Chinese and Japanese, Native American …

Energy transfer to ground state triplet molecular oxygen results in the generation of singlet
molecular oxygen (1O2), which has potent oxidizing ability. Irradiation of light, notably …

Risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is increased in sun-exposed whites,
particularly those with a pale complexion. This study was designed to investigate the …

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) affects∼ 1/20,000 people worldwide. All forms of OCA
exhibit generalized hypopigmentation. Reduced pigmentation during eye development …

The electrical properties of eumelanin, a ubiquitous natural pigment, have fascinated
scientists since the late 1960s. For several decades, the hydration-dependent electrical …

Pigmentation of human skin is closely involved in protection against environmental stresses,
in particular exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. It is well known that darker skin is …

The skin constitutive pigmentation is given by the amount of melanin pigment, its relative
composition (eu/pheomelanin) and distribution within the epidermis, and is largely …

Melanosomes in black and red human hair are isolated and characterized by various
chemical and physical techniques. Different yields of 4‐amino‐hydroxyphenolanaline by HI …