Oxidative stress, a cytopathic outcome of excessive generation of ROS and the repression of
antioxidant defense system for ROS elimination, is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple …

The maintenance of physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by eNOS represents a
key element for vascular endothelial homeostasis. On the other hand, NO overproduction …

Direct recognition of invading pathogens by innate immune cells is a critical driver of the
inflammatory response. However, cells of the innate immune system can also sense their …

Nitric oxide synthases are the major sources of nitric oxide, a critical signaling molecule
involved in a wide range of cellular and physiological processes. These enzymes comprise …

Background The primary issue arising from prostate cancer (PCa) is its high prevalence to
metastasize to bone, which severely affects the quality of life and survival time of PCa …

Mucosal barrier immunity is essential for the maintenance of the commensal microflora and
combating invasive bacterial infection. Although immune and epithelial cells are thought to …

Inflammation is set off when innate immune cells detect infection or tissue injury. Tight
control of the severity, duration, and location of inflammation is an absolute requirement for …

Propolis is a sticky, resinous material gather from plants and is blended with wax and other
constituents. It is reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and blood glucose …

Nitric oxide (NO), a signaling molecule, regulates biological functions in multiple
organs/tissues, including the epidermis, where it impacts permeability barrier homeostasis …

Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and cancer cells.
Emerging evidence indicates that cancer cells derived exosomes contribute to cancer …