The gut microbiome is composed of a diverse population of bacteria that have beneficial and
adverse effects on human health. The microbiome has recently gained attention and is …

Environmental changes can induce diversity shifts within ecosystems that affect interactions
between species. Similarly, the development of kidney disease induces shifts within the …

Summary Using untargeted metabolomics (n= 1,162 subjects), the plasma metabolite (m/z=
265.1188) phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) was discovered and then shown in an …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels and
remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past decades …

More than half of all deaths among end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients are due to
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular changes secondary to renal dysfunction …

Background Protein-bound uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) have
been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. However …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular
diseases. During CKD, the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS)—derived from tryptophan …

With decreasing kidney function, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mineral bone disorders
frequently emerge in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). For these patients, in …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) represents a growing public health burden and is the leading
cause of end-stage kidney diseases. In recent years, host-gut microbiota interactions have …

Aggressive removal of middle molecules or larger low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWPs)
has been a growing concern following studies on their harmful effects on the mortality and …