A cytokine storm is an abnormal discharge of soluble mediators following an inappropriate
inflammatory response that leads to immunopathological events. Cytokine storms can occur …

The new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China and spread around the world in< 3
months, infecting millions of people, and causing countries to shut down public life and …

Pathogenic viral infections represent a major challenge to human health. Host immune
responses to respiratory viruses are closely associated with microbiome and metabolism via …

Viral infection outcomes are governed by the complex and dynamic interplay between the
infecting virus population and the host response. It is increasingly clear that both viral and …

There is considerable inter-individual and inter-population variability in response to viruses.
The potential of monocytes to elicit type-I interferon responses has attracted attention to their …

Interferon (IFN) represents a well-known component of antiviral immunity that has been
studied extensively for its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential when antiviral …

Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades
ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type …

The increasing application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology in life
science and biomedical research has significantly increased our understanding of the …

COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The
infected lung epithelial cells secrete a group of chemokines and cytokines, which triggers …

Immunity in the human respiratory tract is provided by a diverse range of tissue-resident
cells, including specialized epithelial and macrophage populations and a network of innate …