Environmental events, both physical and emotional, can produce stress reactions to widely
varying degrees. Stress can affect many aspects of physiology, and levels of stress …

Exposure to hostile conditions initiates responses organized to enhance the probability of
survival. These coordinated responses, known as stress responses, are composed of …

Stress, distress and a variety of psychiatric illnesses, notably the affective disorders, are
increasingly reported to be associated with immunosuppression. The concept that psychic …

The cerebral distribution of CRF and binding sites for CRF..............................................................
.......................... 2.1. The cerebral distribution of CRF …

The physiological mechanisms that control energy balance are reciprocally linked to those
that control reproduction, and together, these mechanisms optimize reproductive success …

A 16-year-old girl presents for evaluation of secondary amenorrhea. Her menarche was at
the age of 12 years. Her last menstrual period was 6 months ago. She has lost 2.3 kg (5 lb) …

Natural selection has linked the physiological controls of energy balance and fertility such
that reproduction is deferred during lean times, particularly in female mammals. In this way …

Background Neuroendocrinology can be defined as the study of communication between
the central nervous system and endocrine glands. The term 'neuroendocrine'classically …

THE IDEA that by activating the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis, stress and overt
or latent psychological disturbances have the potential of inhibiting the hypothalamic …

Inflammation and inflammatory responses are modulated by a bidirectional communication
between the neuroendocrine and immune system. Many lines of research have established …