Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between maternal infection and
schizophrenia or autism in the progeny. Animal models have revealed maternal immune …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is a crucial cellular
signaling hub that, like the nervous system itself, integrates internal and external cues to …

Developmental alterations of excitatory synapses are implicated in autism spectrum
disorders (ASDs). Here, we report increased dendritic spine density with reduced …

Tuberous sclerosis (also known as tuberous sclerosis complex [TSC]) is a multisystem
genetic disorder that affects almost every organ in the body. Mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 …

The developing brain is sensitive to a variety of insults. Epidemiological studies have
identified prenatal exposure to infection as a risk factor for a range of neurological disorders …

The aim of this review is to summarize the key findings from genetic and epidemiological
research, which show that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of …

A subset of women who are exposed to infection during pregnancy have an increased risk of
giving birth to a child who will later be diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental or …

BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by abnormalities in the
developing brain. Such abnormalities can occur as a result of germline or somatic mutations …

Autism is diagnosed by three major symptom categories: unusual reciprocal social
interactions, impaired communication, and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests …

Recent studies have highlighted a connection between infection during pregnancy and the
increased risk of autism in the offspring. Parallel studies of cerebral spinal fluid, blood and …