Instrumental variables can be used to estimate the causal effects of exposures on outcomes
in the presence of residual or uncontrolled confounding. To assess the validity of analyses …

Survivors of critical illness frequently require increased healthcare resources after hospital
discharge. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess hospital re …

Objectives: The epidemiology of chronic critical illness is not well characterized. We sought
to determine the prevalence, outcomes, and associated costs of chronic critical illness in the …

Background Critical care physicians recognise persistent critical illness as a specific
syndrome, yet few data exist for the timing of the transition from acute to persistent critical …

Rationale: National trends in tracheostomy for mechanical ventilation (MV) patients are not
well characterized. Objectives: To investigate trends in tracheostomy use, timing, and …

Purpose Epidemiological trends for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) have not been
clearly defined. We sought to define trends for IMV in the United States and assess for …

BACKGROUND A growing number of patients survive sepsis but remain chronically critically
ill. We sought to define clinical outcomes and incidence of chronic critical illness (CCI) after …

Objective: To determine the incidence and risk factors of chronic critical illness after severe
blunt trauma. Design: Prospective observational cohort study (NCT01810328). Setting: Two …

When robust clinical trials are lacking, clinicians are often forced to extrapolate safe and
effective evidence-based interventions from one patient care setting to another. This article …

Rationale: Patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation experience low survival
rates and incur high healthcare costs. However, little is known about how to optimally …