Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiome is involved in the aetiology of obesity and
obesity-related complications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin …

Accumulating evidence implicates metabolites produced by gut microbes as crucial
mediators of diet-induced host-microbial cross-talk. Here, we review emerging data …

The connection between the gut microbiota and the aetiology of obesity and cardiometabolic
disorders is increasingly being recognized by clinicians. Our gut microbiota might affect the …

Antibiotics can have significant and long-lasting effects on the gastrointestinal tract
microbiota, reducing colonization resistance against pathogens including Clostridium …

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the main bacterial products of the catabolism of
carbohydrates and proteins in the gut, and their role is essential in host–microbiota …

The important life-supporting role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has evolved from bacteria to
plants, invertebrates, vertebrates, and finally to mammals. Over the centuries, however, H2S …

If chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an impairment of kidney function, several
uremic solutes are retained. Some of these exert toxic effects, which are called uremic …

Background Beneficial effects of carbohydrate fermentation on gastrointestinal health are
well established. Conversely, protein fermentation generates harmful metabolites but their …

An understanding of connections between gut microbiome and liver has provided important
insights into the pathophysiology of liver diseases. Since gut microbial dysbiosis increases …

Background Human gut bacteria can synthesize proteinogenic amino acids and produce a
range of metabolites via protein fermentation, some known to exert beneficial or harmful …