Solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has played a crucial role in the evolution of life on Earth.
UV exposure presents both risks and benefits to humans. Optimal UV-B exposure behaviors …

Global Climate is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2022 annual report and is
available from https://doi. org/10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0090.1. Compiled by NOAA's National …

After decades of depletion in the 20th century, near-global ozone now shows clear signs of
recovery in the upper stratosphere. The ozone column, however, has remained largely …

In contrast to the general stratospheric ozone recovery following international agreements,
recent observations show an ongoing net ozone depletion in the tropical lower stratosphere …

Historically, observational information about atmospheric temperature has been limited due
to a lack of suitable measurements. Recent advances in satellite observations provide new …

Using Aura Microwave Limb Sounder satellite observations of stratospheric nitrous oxide (N
2 O), ozone, and temperature from 2005 through 2021, we calculate the atmospheric lifetime …

There is evidence that the ozone layer has begun to recover owing to the ban on the
production of halogenated ozone-depleting substances (hODS) accomplished by the …

Using model projections to study the emergence of observable climate signals presumes
omniscient knowledge about the climate system. In reality, observational knowledge suffers …

Accurate quantification of long-term trends in stratospheric ozone can be challenging due to
their sensitivity to natural variability, the quality of the observational datasets, and non-linear …

Ozone trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) remain highly
uncertain because of sharp spatial gradients and high variability caused by competing …