Achieving strong adhesion between the interfaces of similar and dissimilar materials is
highly desirable in various fields. However, the adhesion of common adhesives is …

Hydrogels are a unique class of polymeric materials that possess an interconnected porous
network across various length scales from nano-to macroscopic dimensions and exhibit …

Wearable and implantable bioelectronics are receiving a great deal of attention because
they offer huge promise in personalized healthcare. Currently available bioelectronics …

Nature has developed protein‐based adhesives whose underwater performance has
attracted much research attention over the last few decades. The adhesive proteins are rich …

Marine mussels secret protein‐based adhesives, which enable them to anchor to various
surfaces in a saline, intertidal zone. Mussel foot proteins (Mfps) contain a large abundance …

Robust adhesion to wet, salt-encrusted, corroded and slimy surfaces has been an essential
adaptation in the life histories of sessile marine organisms for hundreds of millions of years …

After several billions of years, nature still makes decisions on its own to identify, develop,
and direct the most effective material for phenomena/challenges faced. Likewise, and …

Protein-based biogenic materials provide important inspiration for the development of high-
performance polymers. The fibrous mussel byssus, for instance, exhibits exceptional wet …

Catechol is a key constituent in mussel adhesive proteins and is responsible for strong
adhesive property and crosslinking formation. Plant-based polyphenols are also capable of …

Intensive studies have found that 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) is one of the key
molecules for underwater mussel adhesion. Although basic mechanisms of mussel …