Antibody phage display, aimed at preparing antibodies to defined antigens, is a useful
replacement for hybridoma technology. The phage system replaces all work stages that …

Viral pandemic diseases have disruptive global consequences leading to millions of deaths
and a severe impact on the global economy. Inadequate preventative protocols have led to …

Abstract Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a kind of hepatoxin produced by cyanobacteria blooms,
can promote liver cancer through long-term exposure even at low concentrations. In this …

Flavivirus detection in humans and mosquito reservoirs has been an important issue since it
can cause a variety of illnesses and could represent a health problem in geographical zones …

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a highly infectious pathogen, with a case mortality rate as high as
89%. Rapid therapeutic treatments and supportive measures can drastically improve patient …

Global health and economy are deeply influenced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its newly emerging variants. Nanobodies with nanometer …

Viruses are widespread in the environment, and many of them are major pathogens of
serious plant, animal, and human diseases. The risk of pathogenicity, together with the …

Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses,
parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and …

Material design based on the assembly of functional units has demonstrated tremendous
technical and commercial potential. Among others, polymers are identified to be an ideal …

Nanobodies (Nbs) are the variable domain of heavy‐chain antibodies derived from the
blood of camelids or sharks. Nanobodies are the smallest antibody fragment with intact …