Abstract Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antidiabetic
therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and are associated with improved …

Circulating blood is filtered across the glomerular barrier to form an ultrafiltrate of plasma in
the Bowman's space. The volume of glomerular filtration adjusted by time is defined as the …

Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies,
including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and …

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, including empagliflozin, dapagliflozin,
and canagliflozin, are now widely approved antihyperglycemic therapies. Because of their …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with
diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the world. The most …

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus have grown significantly throughout the
world, due primarily to the increase in type 2 diabetes. This overall increase in the number of …

The renin-angiotensin system has powerful effects in control of the blood pressure and
sodium homeostasis. These actions are coordinated through integrated actions in the …

Metabolic and haemodynamic perturbations and their interaction drive the development of
diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its progression towards end stage renal disease (ESRD) …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus which may
eventually lead to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). Despite improvements in glycaemic …

Redox degenerative reactions of the biological system inevitably produce reactive oxygen
species (ROS) and their derivatives. Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro …