Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease whose progression and clinical
characteristics have a close bidirectional and multilevel relationship with the process of …

The bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota (GM) and the Central Nervous
System, the so-called gut microbiota brain axis (GMBA), deeply affects brain function and …

Objective Low‐intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (TUS) is a novel method for
neuromodulation. We aimed to study the feasibility of stimulating the bilateral primary motor …

Compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease are defined as the changes that the
brain uses to adapt to neurodegeneration and progressive dopamine reduction. Motor …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a pivotal noninvasive technique
for investigating cortical excitability and plasticity across the lifespan, offering valuable …

Background Low‐intensity transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a noninvasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) technique with high spatial specificity. Previous studies showed that TUS …

In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD), ie
pain, depression, sleep disturbance, and autonomic disorders, have received increasing …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of
dopaminergic neurons and dysregulation of the basal ganglia. Cardinal motor symptoms …

Over the past three decades, substantial advancements have occurred in non-invasive brain
stimulation (NIBS). These developments encompass various non-invasive techniques aimed …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a heavy burden on patients,
families, and society. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can improve the symptoms of PD …