I. Introduction R ECENT progress in the study of Graves' ophthalmopathy has been anything
but stagnant. The past 20 yr have witnessed a rapid expansion in the collective …

Despite many learned publications over recent decades, the assessment of active thyroid‐
associated orbitopathy (TAO) remains difficult and controversial. There are no biochemical …

This new edition of Leigh and Zee's Neurology of Eye Movements is available as an
enhanced edition for the first time. Your purchase of the print version includes access to the …

The clinical and high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) findings in 71 patients (142
orbits) with Graves orbitopathy and 20 healthy patients (40 orbits) were retrospectively …

• A better understanding of the clinical nature of Graves' orbitopathy will aid in the treatment
of the disease as well as help to form a basis for clinical and pathophysiologic …

Context: Previous association studies suggest the development of Graves' orbitopathy (GO)
is variably influenced by environmental risk factors. Objective: To determine the risk factors …

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune condition of the orbit which is
closely associated with Graves' hyperthyroidism, although either condition may exist without …

Background: Studies of extraocular muscle (EOM) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
need to be extended to normal subjects of different ages to obtain data on the muscle …

Background Diplopia identifies patients with eye muscle involvement in Graves'
ophthalmopathy (GO). Objective To identify clinical parameters that could eliminate the need …

Computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to diagnose Graves' orbitopathy, and the
utility is gradually increasing. To develop a neural network (NN)-based method for diagnosis …