Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a
severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher …

Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and
biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress …

Each year, abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold and particularly their
different combinations, inflict a heavy toll on crop productivity worldwide. The effects of these …

For the growing human population to be sustained during present climatic changes,
enhanced quality and quantity of crops are essential to enable food security worldwide. The …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated plant steroid hormones that are
crucial for many aspects of a plant's life. BRs were originally characterized for their function …

Over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants under stress conditions is a
common phenomenon. Plants tend to counter this problem through their ability to synthesize …

Phytohormones act as chemical messengers and, under a complex regulation, allow plants
to sustain biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, phytohormones are known for their regulatory …

Waterlogging is one of the main abiotic stresses suffered by plants. Inhibition of aerobic
respiration during waterlogging limits energy metabolism and restricts growth and a wide …

Abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, heat, cold, flooding, and ultraviolet radiation
causes crop losses worldwide. In recent times, preventing these crop losses and producing …

Abiotic stresses such as drought, cold, salt and heat cause reduction of plant growth and
loss of crop yield worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide …