Ion composition observations from polar-orbiting satellites in the past three decades have
revealed and confirmed the occurrence of a variety of ion outflow processes in the high …

A review is given of several mechanisms causing outflow at high latitudes of ionospheric
ions to the terrestrial magnetosphere. The upward ion motion along the geomaagnetic field …

The polar wind is an ambipolar outflow of thermal plasma from the terrestrial ionosphere at
high latitudes to the magnetosphere along geomagnetic field lines. The polar wind plasma …

The polar wind is an ambipolar outflow of thermal plasma from the high-latitude ionosphere
to the magnetosphere, and it primarily consists of H+, He+ and O+ ions and electrons …

In February 1996, the POLAR spacecraft was placed in an elliptical orbit with a 9 RE
geocentric distance apogee in the northern hemisphere and 1.8 RE perigee in the southern …

The phenomenon of plasmasphere refilling, and general considerations of plasmasphere
structure and plasmasphere‐ionosphere coupling, have received increased attention in …

The characteristics of the polar ion outflows as observed in the topside polar ionosphere by
the Dynamics Explorer Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer are reported in this study. The …

This review is devoted to ponderomotive forces and their importance for the acceleration of
charged particles by electromagnetic waves in space plasmas. Ponderomotive forces …

The authors attempt to present a unified approach to the study of transport phenomena in
multicomponent anisotropic space plasmas. In particular, a system of generalized transport …

A time‐dependent, three‐dimensional, multi‐ion model of the global ionosphere‐polar wind
system was used to study the system's response to an idealized geomagnetic storm for …