Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides (fewer than 30 amino acids) that have
been predominantly used in basic and preclinical research during the last 30 years. Since …

In today's modern era of medicine, macromolecular compounds such as proteins, peptides
and nucleic acids are dethroning small molecules as leading therapeutics. Given their …

Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in
intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug …

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been established as an essential platform for nucleic acid
delivery. Efforts have led to the development of vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2 …

Cytokines are soluble factors that mediate cell–cell communications in multicellular
organisms. Recently, another system of cell–cell communication was discovered, which is …

The liposome, a closed phospholipid bilayered vesicular system, has received considerable
attention as a pharmaceutical carrier of great potential over the past 30 years. The ability of …

Cytosolic transport is an essential requirement but a major obstacle to efficient delivery of
therapeutic peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. Current understanding of cytosolic delivery …

Twenty years ago, the discovery of peptides able to cross cellular membranes launched a
novel field in molecular delivery based on these non-invasive vectors, most commonly …

Conspectus One of the recent hot topics in peptide-related chemical biology research is the
potential of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Owing to their ability to deliver exogenous …

Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides do not enter cells by directly passing through a lipid
membrane; they instead passively enter vesicles and live cells by inducing membrane …