Key message Bet-hedging is a complex evolutionary strategy involving morphological, eco-
physiological,(epi) genetic and population dynamics aspects. We review these aspects in …

The rapid advancement of next‐generation sequencing technologies has promoted the use
of transcriptomics in non‐model organisms, including species in the aquaculture sector …

Plants in habitats with unpredictable conditions often have diversified bet-hedging strategies
that ensure fitness over a wider range of variable environmental factors. A striking example …

Seeds are highly resilient to the external environment, which allows plants to persist in
unpredictable and unfavorable conditions. Some plant species have adopted a bet-hedging …

Underdeveloped (small) embryos embedded in abundant endosperm tissue, and thus
having morphological dormancy (MD) or morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), are …

Background The investigation of transcriptome profiles using short reads in non-model
organisms, which lack of well-annotated genomes, is limited by partial gene reconstruction …

Abstract Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), a widely existed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant
in aquatic environment, has toxic effects on marine animals and their generations, but the …

Floral organ size, especially the size of the corolla, plays an important role in plant
reproduction by facilitating pollination efficiency. Previous studies have outlined a …

Aethionema arabicum is an important model plant for Brassicaceae trait evolution,
particularly of seed (development, regulation, germination, dormancy) and fruit …

The transition from germinating seeds to emerging seedlings is one of the most vulnerable
plant life cycle stages. Heteromorphic diaspores (seed and fruit dispersal units) are an …