Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), particularly the Chinese herbal medicines, are
valuable sources of medicines and have been used for centuries. The term “TCMs” both …

Oral exposure to the secretions of Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus) can carry a high
fatality rate without early and appropriate treatment. In dogs, the clinical syndrome, which is …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Venenum Bufonis (VB), also called toad venom,
has been widely used in clinic as a cardiotonic, anohyne and antineoplastic agents both in …

Cinobufagin and resibufogenin are two major effective bufadienolides of Chan su (toad
venom), which is a Chinese medicine obtained from the skin venom gland of toads and is …

Resibufogenin (RB) is a major active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu
and has garnered considerable attention for its efficacy in the treatment of cancer. However …

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) are essential for triggering and relaying action
potentials (AP), which perform critical functions in a variety of physiological processes, such …

In this chapter, the potential medical-pharmaceutical use of molecules derived from toad
skin secretions is discussed. Over the past decades, numerous bioactive components from …

Background: Studies on toad poison are relevant since they are considered a good source
of toxins that act on different biological systems. Among the molecules found in the toad …

Bufo parotid glands and eggs contain cardiac glycosides also known as bufadienolides.
This class of molecules can cause digoxin-like cardiac toxicity, as they can block the sodium …

Chan-su (toad venom) has been used as an analgesic agent in China from ancient to
modern times. Bufalin, a non-peptide toxin extracted from toad venom, is considered as one …