A remarkable diversity of bioerosion trace fossils is reflected by the plethora of ichnotaxa that
has been proposed for these structures during the past two centuries. Bioerosion traces …

Among invertebrates and both in modern and ancient marine environments, certain
echinoderms have been and are some of the most active and widespread bioturbators and …

Parasites are common in modern ecosystems and are also known from the fossil record.
One of the best preserved and easily recognisable examples of parasitism in the fossil …

Stalked echinoderms (pelmatozoans) are an excellent group for studying parasite-host
relationships in deep time and for tracing the long-term evolutionary effects of such biotic …

In the fossil record, evidence for true epizoans, ie living animals inhabiting other living host-
animals, is rather rare. A host reaction is usually needed to proof the syn vivo-settling of the …

A stromatoporoid, Petridiostroma simplex, from the Llandovery of Estonia was infested by
numerous rugosan endobiotic symbionts of the species Petrozium losseni (Dybowski, 1874) …

An unusual cystoporate bryozoan from the Middle Devonian (Givetian) Ahbach Formation of
the Hillersheim Syncline (Eifel, Rhenish Massif, Germany) is described as Stellatoides …

A paleoecological study of stromatoporoid endobionts was carried out to discern the
relationships between symbiotic rugosans and their stromatoporoid hosts. The earliest …

Corals formed at least 15 symbiotic associations in the Devonian. Tabulates formed
symbiotic associations more often than rugose corals, with the largest number of different …

Twelve encrusters and three endobiont trace fossils were distinguished on silicified
brachiopod, coral and gastropod shells coming from the Kotýs Limestone (Lochkovian) of …